Organic Reaction. - 港Chem 5**化學補習補chem 化學補習 Hkdse

<br />

Organic reactions refer to the changes that occur when two or more organic compounds undergo a chemical reaction to form a new product. These reactions are essential in the field of organic chemistry and are used to create new compounds, modify existing ones, and study the properties of organic compounds.

Organic reactions are classified into different types based on the type of reaction that occurs. Some of the commonly known types of organic reactions include substitution reactions, addition reactions, elimination reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, and polymerization reactions.

Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one or more substituents in a molecule with another. For example, halogen atoms, such as chlorine and bromine, can be substituted in an alkane molecule using a reaction called halogenation.

In an addition reaction, atoms or groups of atoms combine with an unsaturated compound to form a new product. Examples of this type of reaction include the synthesis of alcohols from alkenes and the formation of aldehydes and ketones from alkenes and alkynes.

Elimination reactions occur when a molecule loses an atom or group of atoms, typically leading to the formation of a double bond or triple bond. For instance, when a halogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule, an alkene is formed.

Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons between two different molecules. Some commonly known oxidation-reduction reactions include the synthesis of alcohols and the combustion of organic molecules.

Finally, polymerization reactions involve the joining of monomers to form a polymer. Polymers are used in numerous applications ranging from building materials, textiles, and adhesives.

In conclusion, organic reactions are fundamental processes that play a crucial role in the field of organic chemistry. These reactions can lead to the formation of new compounds, modification of existing ones, and provide a better understanding of the chemical properties of organic molecules. By understanding the different types of organic reactions, chemists can develop new products and processes that help improve everyday life.
有機反應是指當兩個或以上的有機化合物經歷化學反應形成新產物時所發生的變化。這些反應在有機化學領域中是至關重要的，它們被用於創造新的化合物、修改現有的化合物以及研究有機化合物的性質。

有機反應根據反應的類型分為不同的類型。一些常見的有機反應類型包括置換反應、加成反應、消除反應、氧化還原反應以及聚合反應。

置換反應涉及將一個或多個基團與另一個分子進行取代。例如，可通過稱為卤代反應的反應來在烷烴分子中換入卤素原子，如氯和溴。

在加成反應中，原子或原子團與不飽和化合物結合形成新產物。這種類型的反應的例子包括從烯烃合成醇和從烯烃和炔烃生成醛和酮。

當一個分子失去一個原子或原子團時，通常會發生消除反應，這往往導致雙鍵或三鍵的形成。例如，當烷烴分子中的卤素原子被去除時，會形成烯烃。

氧化還原反應涉及兩個不同分子之間的電子轉移。一些常見的氧化還原反應包括醇的合成以及有機分子的燃燒。

最後，聚合反應涉及將單體連接形成聚合物。聚合物用於各種應用中，包括建築材料、紡織品和粘合劑。

總之，有機反應是基本的過程，在有機化學領域發揮著至關重要的作用。這些反應可以導致新化合物的形成，修改現有化合物以及提供對有機分子的化學性質的更好理解。通過了解不同類型的有機反應，化學家可以開發出有助於改善日常生活的新產品和工藝。